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晋太宗宣武帝实录20(1 / 2)

 陈牧:寡人闻,政有三品,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为其有三,王者之政化之,霸者之政威之,强国之政胁之。夫此三者各有所施,而化之为贵矣。夫化之不变。而后威之,威之不变,而后胁之,胁之不变,而后刑之。夫至于刑者,则非王者之所贵也。是以圣王先德教而后刑罚,立荣耳止而明防禁,崇礼义之。节以示之,贱货利之弊以变之,修近理内,政橛机之礼,壹妃匹之际,则下莫不慕义理之荣,而恶贪乱之耻,其所由致之者,化之使然也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:i‘veheardthatpoliticshasthreelevels,sirtaughtmewhatthatwas?

xiaofan:ithinktherearethreekindsofit,theholykinggovernsthecountrybyadvocatingindoctrination,overlordsgovernthecountrywithgreatemphasisonpower,powerfulcountrieshandlepoliticalaffairsthroughcoercion,thefirstoptionisthemostvaluable,therefore,firstindoctrination,secondtoshowstrength,thirdiscoercionandfinallypunishment,theholykinghadnochoicebuttousethepunishment,therefore,theholykingadvocatedindoctrination,ifthereisnoeffect,thepenaltyisused,letpeopleknowabouthonoranddisgraceandwhatisforbidden,promoteetiquetteandrighteousnesstopeople,handlepoliticalaffairsdiligentlyandadvocateacorrectviewofmoney,then,everyoneintheworldwillyearnforsuchasocietyandbeashamedofdoingevil,luxuryandgreed,thisisthesituationinwhichtheholykingadvocatesindoctrination。

chenmu:sirisright,iacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人愿闻,人君何以平治天下?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,人君欲平治天下而垂荣名者,必尊贤而下士。《易》曰:自上下下,其道大光。又曰:以贵礼下,大得民也。明王之施德而下下也,将怀远而致近也。朝无贤人,犹鸿鹄之无羽翼也,虽有千里之望,犹不能致其意之所欲至矣。是故绝江海者托于船,致远道者托于乘,欲霸王者托于贤。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:iwanttoknowhowtheholykinggovernsthecountry?sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:ithink,ifthekingwantstogovernthecountrywellandleavehisnameinhistory,hemustbehumbleandrespectfulofthetalents,treatotherswithhumility,andthefuturecanbesmooth,evenifyouarenoble,youmustrespectthetalents,onlyinthiswaycanwegetpeople‘ssupport,theholykingpromotedindoctrinationwithalowposture,evenifthegoalisfaraway,itwilleventuallybeachieved,thecountryhasnotalents,justlikeabirdhaslostitswings,thenyoucan‘tgettowhereyouwanttogo,therefore,ifyouwanttocrossthesea,youneedtohaveaboat,ifyouwanttoreachfaraway,youneedameansoftransportation,ifyouwanttobecomeaholykingandoverlord,youneedthesupportoftalents。

chenmu:sirisright,irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,王臣蹇蹇,匪躬之故,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,人臣之所以蹇蹇为难而谏其君者,非为身也,将欲以匡君之过,矫君之失也。君有过失者,危亡之萌也;见君之过失而不谏,是轻君之危亡也。夫轻君之危亡者,忠臣不忍为也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

chenmu:iheardthatloyalistsmadesuggestionswithintegrity,theydothisnotfortheirownsake,howtounderstand?sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:ithink,thereasonwhyloyalsubjectsarenotafraidofdifficultiesandmakesuggestionswithintegrity,thatistocorrecttheking‘sfaults,andnotfortheirownsake,thekingmadeamistakewhichwasthebeginningofthedanger,itwouldbeirresponsibletoseeakingmakeamistakeandnottocorrectit,andasaloyalservant,hecouldnotbeartoseethekingindanger。

chenmu:sirisright,irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陈牧:寡人闻,君子慎独,何也?先生教我。

萧凡:臣以为,存亡祸福,其要在身。圣人重诫,敬慎所忽。《中庸》曰:莫见夫隐,莫显乎微,胡君子能慎其独也。谚曰:诫无垢,思无辱。夫不诫不思,而以存身全国者,亦难矣。《诗》曰:战战兢兢,如临深渊,如履薄冰。此之谓也。

陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教矣。

chenmu:ihaveheardthatgentlemenarealsocautiouswhentheyarealone,sirtaughtmewhy?

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